Segregation How It Still Exists Today - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1149 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/10/31 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Segregation Essay Did you like this example? The idea of segregation has existed in many distinct forms, racial segregation being the most familiar one to the general public. There is segregation by age, sex, religion, income, and color. The Fair Housing Act of 1968 intended to be a form of remedy to housing discrimination that lead back to the Jim Crow segregation era and it was supposed to be a gateway to the middleclass for African Americans. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Segregation: How It Still Exists Today" essay for you Create order Also known as the Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968, the Fair Housing Act prohibited discrimination regarding the sales and financing of housing based on race, religion, and national origin. After the death of Dr. Martin Luther King, the Fair Housing Act was addressed to President Johnson in April of 1968 due to Dr. Kings assassination riots and he referred to this responsibility as being one of the proudest moments of his entire presidency prior to signing it. However, the country still struggles to live up to the laws that were passed in the wake of Dr. Kings assassination half a century later. For example, Independent News recently reported that a prestigious independent school in New York City had ended a policy that grouped the schools students together by race in 2017. Although it is an improvement concerning the countrys diversity, it is still evident that segregation still exists today. The NYCs school strategy definitely caused a stir amongst the students parents, m any of which reportedly deemed the policy as a form of segregation. However, the schools states that its purpose was not to segregate but to form a progressive program that is rooted in a fundamental love of learning and a connection to the real world. Do you think that this is a reasonable explanation to this absurd policy that has been kept up for many years? By merging fiscal factors with race in the measures of segregation, it is evident that there is a relevant intersection between them. For example, there is a large difference between the number of white, black, and Hispanic students that attend low and high poverty schools. Below, Figure 1 demonstrates that white students are three times more likely to attend a wealthy school than a poor school, whereas black and Hispanic students are six times as likely to attend a poor school than a wealthy one. Figure 1 Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), Public Elementary/Secondary School According to Mumford Center assistants Jacob Stowell and Deirdre Oakley, there is a declining share of Hispanic and black students in majority white schools since 1990. White students have moved from schools that are mainly white, increasing their portrayal in schools that are moderately white or moderately minority. Black, Hispanic and Asian students have moved from schools that are moderately white toward those that are moderately minority. In the same period, both majority white schools and majority minorities schools have experienced a significant change in the average race composition; they experienced a heavy decline in white students and gained more Hispanic students. Although this does seem like good news, there was also a sharp decline in the number of enrollments of white students in both white and minority schools at around the same time. From 1988 to 2000, there was a 5.3 percentage point decline in the share of white students in schools of the average black student to th e current low of 30.9%. However, the current exposure of black students to white students is considerably higher than it was in 1968 (45.9% vs. 37.7%). Segregation not only applies to race or classism, but to sex and gender. During a press conference, Rep. Mark Walker, who is the chair of the conservative Republican Study Committee, referred to the groups female members as eye candy. Unsurprisingly, his remark had received backlash, especially from social media. Not long after the congressman made his comment directed towards females, social media users referred it to sexist and misogynistic. Women from all over the country have dealt with this type of sexist behavior over the last couple of centuries. Women are now working in all occupations that once were solely the domain of men, and many are in important roles in business and government. However, sex segregation still remains a problem in the workplace because the norms of society restrict occupational choices by men and women. Economists Francine Blau (Cornell University), Peter Brummund (University of Alabama), and Albert Yung-Hsu Liu (Mathematica Policy Research), examined tr ends in occupational segregation between 1970 and 2009 and found that the process of desegregation has slowed in recent times, regardless of the education level necessary for a job. (See Figure 2.) Occupational Gender Segregation in the United States:1970-2009 Figure 2 Source See Table 8 in Blau, Francine, Peter Brummund, and Albert Liu, 2013. Trends in Occupational Segretgation by Gender 1970-2009: Adjusting for the Impact of Changes in the Occupational Cding System. Demography 50(2): 471-402 Traditional economic theories have tried to explain that gender segregations are an unavoidable consequence of men and womens natural differences regarding their skills. However, contemporary economists have considered it to be discrimination by employers. According to the pollution theory of discrimination, which was written by a Harvard University Economist named Claudia Golding, men often underestimate womens skills based on their current underrepresentation in certain occupations on the assumption that increasing their representation would lower overall productivity. Of course, this is false. Despite the heavy decline in sexism, racism, and classism, researchers still argue that discrimination and segregation are perpetuated by the belief that peoples social, economic, familial roles should be fundamentally different, whether it is stereotypical or in the form of social pressures. Fortunately, with the world constantly changing, the issues regarding the different types of segregation can be fixed and it is all up to every single human being, including you. Works Cited Whitehurst, Grover J. Segretgation, Race, and Charter Schools: What Do We Know? Co-written by Richard V. Reeves, Edward Rodrigue, October 2016, pp. 27-28 https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/ccf_20161021segregation_version-10_211.pdf Williams, Joseph P. Segregations Legacy. United States World Report News 20 Apr. 2018: USNews, https://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2018-04-20/us-is-still-segregated-even-after-fair-housing-act. 16 Nov. 2018. Brown, Deneen L. The Fair Housing Act was languishing in Congress. Then Martin Luther King Jr. was killed. The Washington Post 11 Apr. 2018: WashingtonPost https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/04/11/the-fair-housing-act-was-languishing-in-congress-then-martin-luther-king-jr-was-killed/?utm_term=.28d191c2ef77. 11 Nov. 2018. Schelling, Thomas C. Dynamic Models of Segregation. Journal of Mathematical Sociology, vol 1, pp. 143-186, Gordon and Breach Science, 1971 Richards, Kimberley. Prestigious NYC School ends policy that grouped students by race. Independent https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/little-red-school-house-separate-race-children-new-york-city-segregation-a8433926.html. 13 Nov 2016. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey, 2012-13, https://nces. ed.gov/programs/digest/d14/tables/dt14_216.60.asp. Mcgrew, Will. Gender Segregation at Work: Separate but Equal or Inefficient and Unfair Washington Center for Equitable Growth 18 August 2018: EquitableGrowth https://equitablegrowth.org/gender-segregation-at-work-separate-but-equal-or-inequitable-and-inefficient/

Is Adultery Morally Permissible - 1499 Words

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Does Political Journalism Affect The Uk Adequately Serve...

Does political journalism in the UK adequately serve the needs of a democratic political system? The newspapers in the United Kingdom tend to take a partisan line in their reporting. According to Michael Schudson (2001,165) the concept that a journalist should be objective is relatively new and cannot be applied identically to all countries and contexts. 24, mass media politics ) He argues that the need to be objective as a journalist is felt more strongly in the UK than in countries such as Germany or China. There is an obvious distinction between what each citizen would choose to read about. The middle class and business sector have a preference for the ‘free market’ policies such as privitisation, disposal of the welfare state, trade†¦show more content†¦An article written in The Sun, with the headline ‘If Kinnock wins today will the last person to leave Britain please turn out the lights?’ has been thought of as contribution to the Conservative win in 1992 general election. The Sun, itself ran a headline announcing John Major’s vict ory, stating ‘it was the Sun wot won it.† This was repeated by The Sun in 2015 general election, using a photograph of Ed Milliband struggling to eat a bacon sandwich, with the headline â€Å"don’t swallow his porkies and keep him out.† (mmpd) News Corporation accounted for six popular national newspapers in the UK. This level of ownership impacts the variety of ideas and values that can circulate. Concentration of media ownership threatens democracy in political journalism(Baker, 2007), leading to over-representation of political viewpoints, values that are favoured by media owners. There is a negative correlation between media domination and levels of pluralism which is needed in society, to sustain representation. The concentration of media ownership leads to less competing suppliers, thus leaving a gap in a democratic political system. Due to Rupert Murdoch’s large media empire, it has been said that he has wielded political power through his influence over headlines. It could be interpreted this way when considering the support given by News Corporation owned newspapers, to Margaret Thatcher in the 1980s and Tony Blair in 1997. The impact of Rupert Murdoch can also be shown

Jacob Zuma free essay sample

But it was not easy for him to get this position. His father died at the end of World War 2. After his father death his mother took up employment as a domestic worker in Durban. He spent his childhood moving between Zululand and the suburbs of Durban and by the age 15 he took on odd jobs to supplement his mother’s income. Also he did not receive formal schooling. He learned to read and write properly in his late teens while serving as a young trade union activist. He became involved in politics at an early age and joined that African Notational congress in 1959. He became an active member of umkhonto we sizwe witch means (Spear of the nation) in 1962 following the banning of the ANC in 1960. While on his way out of the country in 1963 he was arrested with a group of 45 people recruits near zeerust by the northern west province. We will write a custom essay sample on Jacob Zuma or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Convicted of conspiring to overthrow the government, he was sentenced to 10 years’ imprisonment, which he served on Robben Island. While in prison he was given to the chance to get more of an education. After his release Jacob Zuma helped mobilize internal resistance and was instrumental in the reestablishment of ANC underground structures in the then natal province thought out 1973-1975. He left South Africa in 1975and for the next 12 years, based in Swaziland and then Mow-zum-beek dealing with thousands of young exiles who poured out south Africa in the wake of Soweto uprising. HE lived in several African countries working for ANC, where he rose rapidly to become a member of the ANC National Executive committee in 1977. He also served as the Deputy Chief Representative of the Anc in Mow-zum-beek, post he occupied until the signing of the Nkomati Accord between the Mow-zum-bican and south African government in 1984. After the signing of the Accord, he was appointed as Chief Representative of the ANC and was one of the few who remained in Mow-zum-beek to carry out the work of the organization, crossing in and out of South Africa on a number of occasions. Jacob was forced to leave Mow-zum-beek in January 1987 after considerable pressure on the Mowzumbican government. HE moved to the ANC Head of office in Lusaka Zambia where he was appointed Head of underground structures and shortly thereafter chief of intelligence department. It’s a long way for a man to come considering his childhood and never having any formal education, having been in prison for 10 year. If he can overcome those odds than anybody should be able to become president.